Historically probably Gyges, a seventh-century BCE king of Lydia. Whatever his origin, he has been transformed in (Ezek 38-39) into an apocalyptic figure who marches from the north (Ezek 38:6; Ezek 38:15; Ezek 39:2) and ravages Israel before being destroyed by God (Ezek 38:19-22; Ezek 39:3-5). The sources for the description of Gog’s attack and defeat include Jeremiah’s “enemy from the north” (Jer 1:14; Jer 4:6; Jer 6:1; Jer 6:22; Jer 10:22; Jer 13:20) and the Isaianic motif of the destruction of Israel’s foes on the mountains of Israel (Isa 14:24-25; Isa 17:12-14; Isa 31:8-9). Gog reappears in the NT (Rev 20:8) paired with Magog; in (Ezek 38:2) Magog is probably equivalent to a phrase in the Akkadian language meaning “land of Gog.”
