A Jewish apocalypse dating from the very end of the first century CE. It is included among the Apocrypha by Protestants and is regarded as a deuterocanonical appendix to the New Testament by Roman Catholics. It is designated as 4 Esdras in the Vulgate.
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Powell, Mark Allan, ed. HarperCollins Bible Dictionary. Abridged Edition. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2009.
